Due to having spring AND autumn genotypes AND adaptation to weather conditions, rapeseed is considered as a point hope to provide edible oil of country. Two separate experiments were set up as split-plot in a RCBD design with three replications in two fall AND winter seasons during two years (2014-2015 AND 2015-2016) at the research field of Seed AND Plant Improvement Institute to investigate the effect of sowing season AND date on the QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE yields of rapeseed genotypes in Karaj, Iran. In this study, the main plots were sowing dates (7, 17, AND 27 October in fall sowing AND 9 AND 19 February, AND 1 March in winter sowings) AND sub-plots consisted of genotypes (RGS003, Dalgan, Zabol10, Hyola401, AND Hyola4815). Rapeseed genotypes grain AND oil yields were 4330 AND 1840 kg ha-1 in fall sowing, respectively, while these traits were decreased 43.3 AND 46.6% respectively, when rapeseed genotypes were planted in winter season. The highest grain AND oil yields (5033 AND 2202 kg ha-1) belonged to 7 October sowing date in fall sowing, while 9 February had the highest grain AND oil yields (2996 AND 1248 kg ha-1) in winter sowing. In general, the Dalgan genotype is recommended for cultivation due to suitable agronomic traits such as number of silique per plant, number of grain per silique, silique length, 1000-grain weight, as well as high grain AND oil yields in cold temperate regions with arid AND semi-arid climates such as Karaj, Iran.

To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely rANDomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.Water deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild water deficit stress), 60 (moderate water deficit stress) AND 80% (severe water deficit stress) of water used (available water)) in the main plot AND fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost AND no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) AND total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild water deficit stress condition AND the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in moderate water deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe water deficit stress condition (19.72%) AND moderate water deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of water soluble carbohydrate AND neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in moderate water deficit stress (22.06%) AND application of urea in severe water deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild water deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild water deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce forage 32% more than control.

The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hAND AND the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review AND evaluate the policy proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles AND 5 reports were identified. In the review AND eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the QUANTITATIVE method AND 17 studies used the QUALITATIVE method. Based on the studies that proposed policy proposals, the CHARACTERISTICS of female heads of the household, the axes of vulnerability, the evaluation of policies AND proposals were determined. The findings showed that more policy proposals were made based on the CHARACTERISTICS of low literacy, being unemployed, AND being middle-aged. Based on the axes of vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically AND socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field AND were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments AND did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health AND improve their social AND economic status.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, AND intervening) conditions, strategies, AND consequences of violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a QUALITATIVE methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling AND snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial AND selective coding system showed that gendered inequality AND discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence AND the culture of violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double violence for them (core category); violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions AND rules, AND the perpetrators of which are men AND women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions AND rules that they have, now, internalized AND used again against their daughters. This increased violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) AND due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, AND commit suicide (strategies), AND these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, AND sexual violence AND even social isolation (consequences).

A B S T R A C T Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. “green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development AND can be used for the welfare AND security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green city is one of the sustainable development approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the objective CHARACTERISTICS of the green city. In this study, 14 indicators of electricity consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, AND air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, AND the status of Mashhad city areas in terms of green city indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are AVERAGE AND below AVERAGE in terms of green city CHARACTERISTICS, AND only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective CHARACTERISTICS of the green city Extended Abstract Introduction Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. A “Green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development AND can be used for the welfare AND security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, AND encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens AND the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling AND lAND use, air quality, AND environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green city index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, AND 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, AND New ZealAND. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural AND religious background AND its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, AND is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population AND Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning AND Development of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) AND arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning AND Development of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive groups AND 4 days of unhealthy air for all groups in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the city has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban development, such as green city, is determined. Analysis of the green city index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers AND planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran AND improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies AND library sources AND considering the conditions of Iran AND the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city, 14 QUANTITATIVE indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the QUANTITATIVE indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of QUANTITATIVE indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of QUANTITATIVE indices of green city was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of QUANTITATIVE indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results AND discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city features, 14 QUANTITATIVE indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, AVERAGE, unsatisfactory, AND very unsatisfactory in terms of QUANTITATIVE indices of green city. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of objective indicators of the green city, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, AND the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective CHARACTERISTICS of the green city.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) AND Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green city features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) AND Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis AND availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) AND Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific

To assess the changes in QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE attributes at the end of a period of forestry plan implementation, a portion of the Jojadeh zone with an area of 1270 ha was selected. Data were collected from 265 permanent plots in a systematic rANDom design (1000 m2 plots AND150 × 200 m grid size) in 2004 AND 2014 to facilitate a comparison. In each plot diameter, species, quality grade, height of control tress AND quality of regeneration (in 100 m2 microplots) were measured. During the ten-year period, approximately 14000 silve of growing stock was marked within a single tree selection cutting system. The results showed following figures for 2004: the AVERAGE number of trees per ha=173, volume per ha=318.36 silve, basal area per ha=25.87 m2, diameter of basal area=43.93 cm AND Lorey’s mean height=25.31 m. The values in 2014 were 175, 360.24 silve, 28.31 m2, 43.39 cm AND 26.40 m, respectively. Apart from number of trees per ha, significant differences were observed between the two measurement times for the other attributes. Furthermore, the species specific regeneration frequency was affected by a significant reduction in seedling AND saplings in 2014. However, tree percentages increased in 1st AND 3rd quality grade classes, whereas it decreased 2nd class AND remained unchanged in 4th class. All in all, the results showed that the AVERAGE values of QUANTITATIVE AND partly QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS were not far from favorable conditions during the period of forestry plan, which indicated the conducted silvicultural practices served the defined goals of the close to nature forestry method.

The aim of the current research was to identify the CHARACTERISTICS of the four elements in order to provide a problem-oriented curriculum model in the elementary school mathematics course. There were 19 participants AND the sampling was done purposefully. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews AND questionnaires. The problem-oriented curriculum template was designed using the CHARACTERISTICS of the elements AND with the method of QUALITATIVE content analysis in the elementary school mathematics course. The identified features were validated by fuzzy Delphi method AND Shannon's entropy method was used for data processing. Based on the results of the analysis, 7 main categories including the CHARACTERISTICS of goals at three levels of cognitive, attitudinal, skill, content, evaluation, teaching-learning strategy AND 46 sub-categories were identified.                                                                                                                                                                In the fuzzy Delphi section, all features were confirmed by obtaining a de-fuzzified value greater than 0.7. The results of Shannon's entropy determined that the CHARACTERISTICS of starting teaching with a challenging question, creating a suitable educational environment, continuously monitoring the quality of learning strategies AND communicating with students' talents have attracted the most attention AND obtained the highest ranks AND had a higher importance factor than other CHARACTERISTICS

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat quality, AND oxidative stability. Twenty-one male lambs with an AVERAGE weight of 24±1.5 kg AND 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, AND a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, chemical composition, colorimetric properties, AND oxidative stability of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, AND 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color CHARACTERISTICS such as L, chroma, AND Hue. The highest ash concentration AND the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs AND increased the meat oxidative stability (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color AND increasing the meat oxidative stability improves meat quality, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND storability of Behbahan lANDrace, selected population from Behbahan lANDrace AND ‘Primavera’ cultivar were compared at Behbahan Agriculture Research Station for two years (2009-2010). Field experiment was performed based on rANDomized complete block design containing four replications. Seedlings were transplanted in mid-December. A split plot in time experiment based on rANDomized complete block design containing four replications was used to compare the storability of the studied populations. Populations were considered as main plot in three levels AND the date of bulb observations as sub plot in 13 levels. Bulbs were stored in non-control storage. The observations were done for sprouting, rotting, incidence of black mold AND weight losses percent at 15 day intervals. The results showed that the differences of total yield (fresh) among populations were not significant, however marketable yield of Behbahan bred onion AND ‘Primavera’ cultivar was significantly higher than Behbahan lANDrace. The yield of bulb dry weight of Behbahan bred onion was higher than source lANDrace AND ‘Primavera’ cultivar at five AND one percent probability level. Bulb dry matter percent AND bulb color uniformity of Behbahan bred onion was higher than source lANDrace. In the other hAND the percent of double bulbs AND neck diameter of Behbahan bred onion was lower than source lANDrace. The difference of storability between Behbahan bred onion AND source lANDrace was not significant, but the storability of ‘Primavera’ cultivar was significantly lower than other populations.

In this research, applications of statistical quality control process in Sima choob Company have been investigated. Sima Choob produces various wood products per order only. Statistical quality control process includes all control investigations AND diagrams. In this research, work in progress AND the finished products were studied, using stANDard MIL-STD tables, current statistical techniques AND control diagrams (X, R, C, AND U) of QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS of their raw materials. The results obtained from statistical quality control process showed that during the research time AND in the raw material section, the quality of twin wheels lot, 40Cm rail, Tran's rod, laminated particleboard, AND medium density fiberboard was not compatible with the acceptable stANDards of the company. This leads to return of the raw material as well as imposing more control on the suppliers of such products. On the other hAND, work in progress lot AND finished products were compatible with the company's stANDards. Since data lots were located in the control limits of assembling, painting AND other sections indicated that the whole process had been under control during the research time. In general, it can be concluded that using statistical quality control process for the raw materials, work in progress, AND the finished products would enhance the quality AND the useful life of the products.